Aims and Objectives

To provide an understanding of the basic principles and conventions of accounting and their practical applications leading to an ability to interpret financial records and statements.

Syllabus

INTRODUCTION     (10 %)

• Definition and need of Accounting
• Forms of business organisation: Sole Proprietors, Partnership,

Co-operative and Companies

• Users of accounting information
• Accounting Concepts and Conventions

ACCOUNTING EQUATION AND DOUBLE ENTRY SYSTEM     (15 %)

• Description to Assets, Liabilities, Owner’s Equity, Revenue and Expenses
• Accounting Equation
• Double Entry system rules

FORMATS, USES AND RECORDING IN BOOKS OF PRIME ENTRY     (15 %)

• General Journal
• Purchases Journals
• Purchases Returns Journal
• Sales Journal
• Sales Returns Journal
• Cash Receipts Journal
• Cash Payment Journal

BANK RECONCILIATION     (10%)

• The purpose of Bank Reconciliation
• Preparation of Bank Reconciliation

LEDGERS     (15%)

• General Ledger
• Sales Ledger and Debtors
• Control Accounts
• Purchases Ledger and Creditors Control Accounts

PREPARATION OF FINAL ACCOUNTS FOR SOLE PROPRIETOR AND PROPRIETARY COMPANIES      (20%)

• Trial Balance
• Yearend adjustments: Valuation and recording of closing stock, accrued expenses, Accrued Revenues, Prepaid expenses, Revenue received in advance, Calculation and recording to depreciation, Recording of bad debts written off and Provision for bad debts
• Trading, Profit and Loss and Appropriation account
• Balance Sheet
• Introduction to cost accounting and decision-making business cycles V.A.T

INTERPRETATION OF ACCOUNTS     (15%)

• Calculation and Interpretation of basic accounting ratios:Profitability, Liquidity and Gearing Ratios

• Limitations of ratios

VALUE ADDED TAX     (5%)

• Levying the VAT
• Definition of key terms: taxable activity, taxable supplies, tax fraction, output.
• VAT and Input VAT
• Tax period
• Exempt supplier zero rated supplies
• Exclusions : items on which input VAT may not be claimed
• Accounting for VAT in Journal and Ledge including treatment of VAT on Bad Debts

Prescribed Study Material

Botswana Institute of Banking & Finance Tuition Material

Aims and Objectives

The basic objective of the paper is to cover those introductory general principles of commercial law, which have some bearing on banking.  This study will therefore center around the general law of contract, the relationship between a banker and his customer in all its contractual aspects and a study of the basic legislation to banking in Botswana.

Syllabus

SECTION A

1. INTRODUCTION OF THE BOTSWANA LEGAL SYSTEM     (10%)

2. LAW OF CONTRACT OBLIGATIONS     (40%)

• Nature and definition of contract
• Essential of a valid contract
• Agreement
• Intention to create legal relations
• Formalities
• Capacity to contract (with special emphasis on capacity of insolvent and married women)
• Legality
• Possibility of performance
• Parties to a contract and exceptions (with emphasis on cession and suretyship)
• Reality of consent – mistake, misrepresentation, undue influence, duress
• Discharge of Contract
• Remedies for breach of contract.

DELICTUAL (TORTIOUS) LIABILITY SECTION B – Aspects of Law of BankingBANKER AND CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP (AN INTRODUCTION)      (25%)Definition

• Nature and scope of the contract
• Rights and obligations under a banking contract
• Banker as bailee and trustee
• Termination of banker/customer relationship

NEGOTIABLE INSTRUMENTS (25%)

• Nature of negotiable instruments
• Definition of Bill of Exchange
• Promissory notes
• Types of Bill
• Parties to a bill
• Endorsement presentment
• Acceptance and negotiation
• Rights and liabilities of parties to a bill
• Signature, dishonour and discharge
• Cheques and types of crossing
• Statutory protection of bankers

Question Paper

The question paper will be divided into three parts.  Part 1 will consist of short compulsory questions requiring short or one-word questions to test the general comprehension of points of law of the subject matter attained by the students.  Part 11 Will consist of at least three questions set from Section A of the Syllabus, and Part 111 will also consist of at least three questions set from Section B of the syllabus.

Candidates will be required to answer all questions in Part I, two questions from Part 11 and two questions from Part 111, making a total of five questions each carrying equal marks of 20.  A candidate is required and expected to provide explanations and reasons for answers and to cite relevant cases and statutory authority.

Prescribed Study Material

Botswana Institute of Banking & Finance Tuition Material

Reference will be made to provisions in the following Botswana Acts with particular reference to provisions relating to banking:

• Bank of Botswana Act
• Banking Act 1994
• Insolvency Act
• Companies Act
• Building Societies Act
• Registration of Business Names Act
• Bills of Exchange Act
• National Clearance and Settlement Systems (NCSS) Act, 2008
• Cheque Imaging and Truncation System (CITS) Act, 2008

Aims and Objectives

1. Introduces the student to monetary economics with a discussion of important concepts in money, money supply and demand, inflation, monetary policy, inflation, monetary policy, interest rates and recent developments in forms of money, with specific reference to Botswana.
2. Provides a broad exposure to the structure and operations of the Botswana Financial system and its interface with comparative financial institutions elsewhere particularly in the Southern African region.

Syllabus

MONEY     (15%)

• Definition of money
• Origins of money, barter and its limitations
• Functions of money
• Forms of money, legal tender, commodity, fiat and characteristics of good money

DEMAND FOR MONEY     (20%)

• Motives for liquidity preference
• Keynesian view
• Monetarist view

SUPPLY OF MONEY (20%)

• Monetary aggregates
• The process of credit creation and limitations to credit creation
• Simple deposit and Multiple Deposit Creation
• Credit Expansion and Limitations

MONETARY POLICY     (15%)

• Control of money
• Monetary Policy Objectives
• The instruments of Monetary Policy used in Botswana

INTEREST RATES     (10%)

• Measurements of Interest Rates
• Determinants of Interest Rates
• Real and nominal
• Term structure and Role of interest rates
• Factors that influence interest rates

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN MONEY      (8%)

• Credit cards, debit cards and recent technological advances

FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN BOTSWANA      (12%)

• Types of Financial Institutions
• Functions of Financial Institutions
• Categorizations of the institutions
• The Financial Intermediation Process and Recent Technological Advances
• International Financial Services Center

Prescribed Study Material

Botswana Institute of Banking & Finance Tuition Material

Aims and Objectives

To introduce the candidate to the function of management including management of human resources. Approximately one half of the course syllabus is devoted to a general introduction to managerial functions including the evaluation of management theory. The remaining one half of the course will deal with the main elements of human resources management.

SyllabusINTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT      (15%)

• The role of management
• The evaluation of management theory
• Management environment (introduction)
• Managerial functions
• Managerial roles
• Managerial levels and skills

PLANNING      (12%)

• The concept of planning
• The planning process
• Advantages of planning
• Aids used – planning
• Forecasting

ORGANISING     (10%)

• The concepts of organising, formal and informal organization
• The organising procedure
• Organization systems
• Authority and responsibility

DIRECTING     (06%)

• The concept of directing
• Requiring of effective directing

CONTROLLING     (06%)

• The concept of controlling
• Requirements for effective controlling
• Aids used in controlling internal check and control, and financial control devices

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT MOTIVATION     (12%)

• Factors affecting motivation
• Needs identification
• Motivation Theories, McGregor, Herzberg, Maslow, Comparative Studies

SELECTION APPRAISAL AND MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT     (15%)

• Job analysis/job specification /job descriptions (Stress the importance of Job Analysis)
• Recruitment process
• Selection of personnel
• Training and development
• Performance appraisals

DELEGATION     (10%)

• The process of delegation
• Authority
• Responsibility
• Accountability

COMMITTEES     (07%)

• The advantages of committees
• Disadvantages

BUSINESS ETHICS      (07%)

• Code of ethics in the Banking sector
• Social responsibility concepts

Prescribed Study Material

Botswana Institute of Banking & Finance Tuition Material

Aim and objectives

Introduce Economics and impart knowledge of the techniques of economic analysis and develop the ability to apply that knowledge to the solution of economic problems.  Explain the factors which influence economic development and the application of economics in daily life.

• To explain how market price is Determined by the Demand/Supply of goods and services
• To explain the Scarcity of Resources
• To introduce the Different Monetary Systems

Syllabus

INTRODUCTION     (5 %)

• Definition of Economics
• Scope and Significance of Economics

THE BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEM      (12 %)

• Scarcity
• Choice
• Opportunity cost
• The production possibility frontier

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS AND ORGANISATION      (13 %)

• Central problems of economy
• Comparative economic system: Modes of production – Feudalism, Capitalism, Socialism and Mixed; their evolution and characteristic features?  (including role of modern corporations in a capitalist economy)
• The Botswana Economic System

PRICE MECHANISM     (10 %)

• Demand Theory and Supply Theory
• Elasticity of Demand and Elasticity of Supply
• Indifference Curve approach
• Concepts of elasticity of demand and supply
• Price legislation/Regulation

PRODUCTION      (12 %)

Production in the short-run

• Law of variable proportions
• Production costs in the short-run
• Cost concepts and relationships
• Production costs in the long-run
• Economies of Scale and Diseconomies of Scale
• Reasons for economies and diseconomies of scale

THE MARKET STRUCTURES     (8 %)

• Perfect competition (price and output determination and profit maximization)
• Monopolistic competition
• Monopoly regulations
• Oligopoly and types of oligopoly

THEORY OF DISTRIBUTION      (10 %)

• Pricing of factors : supply and demand analysis
• The marginal productivity
• Rent
• Wages
• Interest
• Profit

NATIONAL PRODUCT AND ITS STRUCTURE      (15 %)

• Concepts
• Circular flows
• Methods and problems of estimation national income estimation in Botswana
• Composition of GDP
• Consumption, saving multiplier and accelerator

INFLATION     (15 %)

• Definition
• Types of inflation
• Causes of inflation
• Remedies
• Consequences

Prescribed Study Material

Botswana Institute of Banking & Finance Tuition Material

Objectives

At the end of the course participants will be able to:

• Demonstrate an understanding of how human communication operates
• Interact effectively with their publics by using appropriate listening and speaking skills in order to enhance the image of their organizations.
• Identify and use correct methods and channels of communication in their work.
• Write and use various official documents as tools of public relations in order to communicate with different publics

Syllabus

COMMUNICATION OVERVIEW     (25%)

• Meaning and importance
• Process of communication
• Types of communication (verbal, nonverbal, written)
• Communication in the organizations (line and staff authority, vertical, lateral, diagonal, informal, external).
• Communication breakdown (barriers to effective communication)

EFFECTIVE INTERPERSONAL SKILLS     (20%)

• interpersonal skills
• Johari’s Window
• Elements of the Self Image
• Characteristics of a good and poor Self Image
• Improving Self Image

ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS     (15%)

1. a) Interviews
2. i) Types of Interview
3. ii) Preparing for a job interview

1. b) Basic Oral Presentations
2. i) Audience analysis
3. ii) Preparation

iii)        Organisation

1. iv) Delivery
2. v) Non-verbal cues
3. vi) Audio-visual aids

1. c) Participating in meetings
2. i) Types of meetings
3. ii) The role of the Chairperson

iii)        The role of Members

1. iv) Basic meeting terminology

WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (Correspondence)      (15%)

• Principles of effective writing skills and readability
• Media and media selection
• The memorandum
• Business letters
• Reports
• Electronic mail and netiquette (email manners)
• Telephone, Fax and other messages
• Documents of meeting – notice, agenda, minutes and action sheet
• Forms and questionnaires

CUSTOMER RELATIONS      (15%)

• Importance of good customer relations
• Organisational Image
• Definition of customers
• Types of Customers
• Principles of effective customer care
• Customer rights
• Telephone etiquette
• Good customer relations and organizational image
• Dealing with customer queries and complaints

READING SKILLS      (10%)

• Skimming reports
• Scanning manuals
• Inferring meaning from text, statistical information
• Summary

PRESCRIBED STUDY MATERIAL

Botswana Institute of Banking & Finance Tuition Material

SUGGESTED READING:

1. Kelly Gillian, (1991), Business Communication for Bankers. Financial Times Prentice Hall
2. Fielding, M. (1997). Effective Communication in Organisations. Lansdowne : Juta
3. Bovee, C.L. and Thill, J.V. (2005). Communication Today. (8^th Ed). USA: Pearson Hall
4. Robbins, P.R. and Hunsaker p. l. (1996). Training in Interpersonal Skills: Tips For Managing in People at Work. (2ne Ed).  New Jersey: Prentice Hall